CELEX:62021CA0562: Joined Cases C-562/21 PPU and C-563/21 PPU: Judgment of the Court (Grand Chamber) of 22 February 2022 (requests for a preliminary ruling from the Rechtbank Amsterdam — Netherlands) — Execution of European arrest warrants issued against X (C-562/21 PPU), Y (C-563/21 PPU) (Reference for a preliminary ruling — Urgent preliminary ruling procedure — Judicial cooperation in criminal matters — European arrest warrant — Framework Decision 2002/584/JHA — Article 1(3) — Surrender procedures between Member States — Conditions for execution — Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union — Second paragraph of Article 47 — Fundamental right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law — Systemic or generalised deficiencies — Two-step examination — Criteria for application — Obligation of the executing judicial authority to determine, specifically and precisely, whether there are substantial grounds for believing that the person in respect of whom a European arrest warrant has been issued, if surrendered, runs a real risk of breach of his or her fundamental right to a fair trial before an independent and impartial tribunal previously established by law)